MLA Handbook Ninth Edition by
Relied on by generations of writers, the MLA Handbookis published by the Modern Language Association and is the only official, authorized book on MLA style. The new, ninth edition builds on the MLA's unique approach to documenting sources using a template of core elements--facts, common to most sources, like author, title, and publication date--that allows writers to cite any type of work, from books, e-books, and journal articles in databases to song lyrics, online images, social media posts, dissertations, and more. With this focus on source evaluation as the cornerstone of citation, MLA style promotes the skills of information and digital literacy so crucial today. The many new and updated chapters make this edition the comprehensive, go-to resource for writers of research papers, and anyone citing sources, from business writers, technical writers, and freelance writers and editors to student writers and the teachers and librarians working with them. Intended for a variety of classroom contexts--middle school, high school, and college courses in composition, communication, literature, language arts, film, media studies, digital humanities, and related fields--the ninth edition of the MLA Handbookoffers *New chapters on grammar, punctuation, capitalization, spelling, numbers, italics, abbreviations, and principles of inclusive language *Guidelines on setting up research papers in MLA format with updated advice on headings, lists, and title pages for group project *Revised, comprehensive, step-by-step instructions for creating a list of works cited in MLA format that are easier to learn and use than ever before *A new appendix with hundreds of example works-cited-list entries by publication format, including websites, YouTubevideos, interviews, and more *Detailed examples of how to find publication information for a variety of sources *Newly revised explanations of in-text citations, including comprehensive advice on how to cite multiple authors of a single work *Detailed guidance on footnotes and endnotes *Instructions on quoting, paraphrasing, summarizing, and avoiding plagiarism *A sample essay in MLA format *Annotated bibliography examples *Numbered sections throughout for quick navigation *Advanced tips for professional writers and scholars
MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing by MLA 9th edition provides 9 core elements to complete any works cited entry. Not all elements will be applicable in all cases. If any element is missing or not applicable, you can skip that element.
The 9 Core Elements
(1) Author.
(2) “Title of Source.”
(3) Title of Container,
(4) Other contributors,
(5) Version,
(6) Number,
(7) Publisher,
(8) Publication date,
(9) Location.
Notes:
For sources that are part of a larger work, you include the core element (2) “Title of Source.”
( e.g. journal articles from a journal, essays or chapters from a book, webpages from a website)
For sources that are self-contained, you skip core element (2).
(e.g. books, websites, or journals)
Other contributors include people such as editors, translators, or directors.
Note on Publisher Information:
According to p. 165 of the MLA Handbook, you don’t need to include publisher information for:
